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1.
Anatomy of the Oyster.
--From a model in the American Museum of Natural History. The right valve and mantle have been removed to thow the internal organs. The oyster may roughly be likened to a book, the valves of the shell representing the cover, the fleshy mantle closely lining the shell the first and last leaves, and the gills, running lengthwise beneath the large adductor muscle, the inner pages. Between the muscle and the hinge lies the heart, and above the gills the visceral mass, consisting of the cream-colored reproductive organs, whish are here pictured as round white masses, and the dark-colored digestive organs. Between the anterior end of the gills and the hinge are the palps, four fleshy flaps, similar in appearance to the gills. The microscopic plants which form the food of the oyster, are filtered out by the hairlike cilia of the gills, transferred to the palps, and passed into the mouth. A short esophagus leads into the stomach, which is surrounded by a dark-green gl
2.
Mayflies: Ephemera viria Etn. 1. Lateral view of the nymph. Note the latero-dorsal breathing organs or gills on the abdominal segments; 2. Dorsal view of the nymph. This view shows how these organs may arch over the back; 3. Lateral view of the male imagop; 4. Dorsal view of the male imago
Siphturus alternatus Say.: 5. Lateral view of the nymph. This larva possesses a different type of abdominal breathing organs or gills; 6. Dorsal view of the nymph. This view shows the overlapping of the gills and also gives some hint of the number of trachae or air tubes, represented by black lines in each; 7. Lateral view of the male imago
3.
Hexagenia nymphs
Nymph of H. bilineata Say, dorsal view. The hind feet are turned forward for comparison with the other feet, and the gills on the right are moved aside to show the markings on the abdomen. The 3-branched, rudimentary gills on the first abdominal segment are abnormal
4.
Stages of development of Lernaea branchialis
A, Nauplius, just hatched; B, young female taken from gills of flounder; C, free-swimming stage of female, after leaving flounder; D, free-swimming male; E, female just after settling on gills of whiting; F, fully-developed female
5.
Structure of the branchiae or gills of peleopods, seen diagramitacally in section: A, Protobranchiata; B, Filibranchiata; C, Eulamelbranchiata; D, Septibranchiata. c. c. external row of filaments; i, i, internal row of filaments; e, external row or plate folded back; L, internal row folded back; f, food; m, mantle; n, septum; v, visceral mass
6.
Polypterus congicus, a Crossopterygian fish from the Congo River. Young, with external gills
7.
Polypterus congicus, a Crossopterygian fish from the Gongo River. Young, with external gills
8.
So-called Tay Bull-Trout, 30 lbs. Second return from the sea, having spawned [upper]
Salmon, 30 lbs. August 1905. First return from the sea, has not spawned.
See the spots on the so-called bull-Trout. All salmon that spawn become like this. The next time they return from the sea some are more spotted, some less, and nearly all have parasites in their gills.
9.
Taking the Giant Ray
Different Views of the Giant Ray (Manta Manta), taken by the Hon. C. G. Conn, Member of the Tuna Club, in the Gulf of California.
1. Side view. 2. Crew of Mr. Conn's Yacht Trying to Land the Fish. 3. Ventral View, Showing Gills. 4. Mr. Conn. 5. Back View, Showing Claspers. 6. Side View
10.
[Quahog:]
Photograph taken from a model in the Museum of Natural History in New York. The different portions of the anatomy are indicated by the labels. The sympol A. A. and P. A. refer to the anterior and posterior adductor muscles, which hold the two valves of the shell together. The posterior part of the animal is represented by the siphon, which consists of two parts, an incurrent and an excurrent, through which the water enters and leaves the quahaug in the directions indicated by the arrows. In the mantle chamber the food is filtered from the water by the gills, which are here shown cut off near their base.
11.
Internal Anatomy of Carp
br, branchiae (or gills); c, heart; ci, intestinal canal; o, ovaries; a, vent; o', oviduct; a', urinary outlet
12.
Internal Anatomy of Carp
br, branchiae or gills; c, heard; f, liver; vn, vn', air-bladder; ci, intestinal canal; u, urethra
13.
Left second to fifth periopods or slender legs of adult lobster from anterior side, showing numbered segments of permanent limb, distribution of sensory tufts (s s), gills (pb) and gill separators (ep), arrangement of ball and socket basal hinges, median ball (h, b), and peripheral socket (h, s) tendons of basal joints (t fl. I aand t ex. I), and cleaning pick and brush (cl. br) of last leg. Star in figure 4 marks position of exopodite or outer swimming branch of thoracic limb, shed at fourth stage
14.
Diagrammatic figure of oyster lying in left valve of shell and dissected to show internal organs, (after Leuckart and Nitsche); a, mouth; b, stomach; c c c, intestines; d, anus; g, gills by which the animal 'breathes'; f f f, edge of mantle lobe; e e e, shell; h, abductor muscle by which the two valves of the shell are closed; i, nerve; k k, kidney; l, labial palps or mouth plates; n n, liver; o o o, ovary; p, heart in pericardisl space; r, nerve of edge of mantle
15.
Two species of Caprellidae
A, Phtisica marina, a species which retains the fourth and fifth pairs of thoracic limbs (prp', prp')
B, Caprella linearis, in which these limbs are represented only by the gills (br)
a', Antennule; a', antenna; abd, vestigial abdomen; gn, gnathopods; m, brood-pouch; IV, V, forth and fifth thoracic somites
16.
Scallops: View of pecten with left valve removed. The gills (g), liver (l) and palps (lp) are represented in dotted lines as they are seen through the transparent mantle. As the left lobe of mantle (m) has been detached from the shell, it has contracted. The right mantle (m) lobe is shown fully extended
17.
Paracyamus boopis, the Whale-Louse of the Humpback Whale
A, Male, dorsal view; B, the maxillipeds detached and further enlarged; a', Antennule; a', antenna; abd, vestigial abdomen; br, gills; gn, gnathopods; IV, V, fourth and fifth thoracic somites
18.
Gills of the Lobster, Exposed by Cutting Away the Side-Flap of the Carapace (Brahcniostegite)
19.
Sunfish
A-Parasitic on the gills of the Sunfish
B-Parasitic on the skin of the Sunfish
20.
Scallops: View of Pecten with left valve, mantle (m) and gills (g) removed, showing the heart (ht), visceral mass (vm) and reproductive organs
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