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[Quahog Eggs]: Fig.15.--Ciliated gastrula, ten hours after fecundation. The embryo Can now swim through
1. [Quahog Eggs]:
Fig.15.--Ciliated gastrula, ten hours after fecundation. The embryo Can now swim through the water by means of hairlike cilia. The larger cells have become invaginated.
Fig.16.--Trochosphere stage, twelve to fourteen hours after fecundation. The body has elongated and the cilia are now confined to the front end. The opening of the primitive mouth (pm) cn be seen on the lower side, while above is a slight indentation corresponding to the eginning of the shell gland (sg).
Fig.17.--Formation of the shell, which arises at two symmetrical points of calcification, right and left of the median line, and gradually envelops the animal.
Fig.18.--Early veliger swimmer with velum extended from the shell, about thirty-six hours after fecundation. aa, anterior adductor muscle, pa, posterior adductor muscle, s, stomach, a, anus, mt, mouth, v, velum.
Fig.19.--Veliger slightly older than shown in Fig.18. The intesting (i) has elongated, and the liver (l) is more prominent.
The interior characteristics of a pelcoypod shell. Left valve of Vesus gnidia: A, anterior; B, posterior;
2. The interior characteristics of a pelcoypod shell. Left valve of Vesus gnidia: A, anterior; B, posterior; C, dorsal; D, ventral margin; AB, length; CD, breadth of shell; a. m., anterior; p. m., posterior impressions of adductor muscle; p, pallial line; p. s., palial sinus; l, ligamnt; ln, lunule; u, umbo; c, cardinal teeth; a. t., anterior lateral tooth; p. t., posterior lateral tooth
Lepas anatifera. A, the entire animal; B, anatomy, n, antennaie; c, carina; ed, cement-gland; t, digestive-gland;
3. Lepas anatifera. A, the entire animal; B, anatomy, n, antennaie; c, carina; ed, cement-gland; t, digestive-gland; m, adductor muscle; ovt, oviduct; ov, ovary; p, ped
Balanus. B, anatomy; a, antennules; ad, adductor muscle; m, muscles of acuta and terga; o, edge of parapet;
4. Balanus. B, anatomy; a, antennules; ad, adductor muscle; m, muscles of acuta and terga; o, edge of parapet; ov, ovary; vvi.oviduct; se, sentum; alk, parapet; t, tergum; wo, female aperture
Illustrating changes in the position and size of the adductor muscles according to the shape of she shell:
5. Illustrating changes in the position and size of the adductor muscles according to the shape of she shell: A, Mya; B, Modiola; C, Vulsella. The upper dotted line shows the hinge-line, the lower connects the two muscles
Lima squamosa Lam., Naples, showing tentacular lobes of mantle (t, t); a, anus; ad, m, adductor muscle;
6. Lima squamosa Lam., Naples, showing tentacular lobes of mantle (t, t); a, anus; ad, m, adductor muscle; br, br, branchiae; f, foot; sh, shell
Glochidium: A, immediately after it is hatched: ad, adductor muscle; by, 'byssus' cord; s, sense
7. Glochidium:
A, immediately after it is hatched: ad, adductor muscle; by, 'byssus' cord; s, sense organs; sh, shell
B, after it has been on the fish for some weeks: a.ad, p.ad, anterior and posterior adductors; al, alimentary canal; au.v, auditory vesicle; br, branchiae; f, foot; mt, mantle. (Balfour)
Anatomy of the Oyster. --From a model in the American Museum of Natural History. The right valve and
8. Anatomy of the Oyster.
--From a model in the American Museum of Natural History. The right valve and mantle have been removed to thow the internal organs. The oyster may roughly be likened to a book, the valves of the shell representing the cover, the fleshy mantle closely lining the shell the first and last leaves, and the gills, running lengthwise beneath the large adductor muscle, the inner pages. Between the muscle and the hinge lies the heart, and above the gills the visceral mass, consisting of the cream-colored reproductive organs, whish are here pictured as round white masses, and the dark-colored digestive organs. Between the anterior end of the gills and the hinge are the palps, four fleshy flaps, similar in appearance to the gills. The microscopic plants which form the food of the oyster, are filtered out by the hairlike cilia of the gills, transferred to the palps, and passed into the mouth. A short esophagus leads into the stomach, which is surrounded by a dark-green gl
[Quahog:] Photograph taken from a model in the Museum of Natural History in New York. The different
9. [Quahog:]
Photograph taken from a model in the Museum of Natural History in New York. The different portions of the anatomy are indicated by the labels. The sympol A. A. and P. A. refer to the anterior and posterior adductor muscles, which hold the two valves of the shell together. The posterior part of the animal is represented by the siphon, which consists of two parts, an incurrent and an excurrent, through which the water enters and leaves the quahaug in the directions indicated by the arrows. In the mantle chamber the food is filtered from the water by the gills, which are here shown cut off near their base.
   
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