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Graphic representation of the growth of the average scallop and its gain in volume. Starting September
1. Graphic representation of the growth of the average scallop and its gain in volume. Starting September 1 with 1 bushel of 1/2-inch scallops, the increase in volume is represented on the right in terms of bushels, corresponding to the different sized scallops on the left: (1) two-month scallop, .5 of an inch, 1 bushel; (2) three-month scallop, .91 of an inch, 7.3 bushels; (3) five-month scallop, 1.34 inches, 26.5 bushels; (4) thirteen month scallop, 1.75 inches, 62 bushels; (5) seventeen-month scallop, 2.41 inches, 185.6 bushels.... This repid increase shows the benefit of preserving the 'seed' scallop, as the yield in large scallops will more than repay the fisherman for his foresight
Nassa obsoleta (the little black winkle of the tide flats) devouring a scallop. These little scavengers
2. Nassa obsoleta (the little black winkle of the tide flats) devouring a scallop. These little scavengers swarm over the scallop. Occasionally one is active enough to get between the valves, forming a wedge which permits the entrance of others, which quickly consume the scallop. Owing to the alertness of the scallop and its different habitat (Nassa usually being found on the tide flats) little damage is done
Scallop on the left, as indicated by the arrow, has been killed by the oyster drill, which has pierced
3. Scallop on the left, as indicated by the arrow, has been killed by the oyster drill, which has pierced the shell with a fine hole. A year-old oyster is attached to the scallop on the center, while a Crepidula (quarterdecker) has fastened on the scallop on the right
Scallops over one year old, as shown by the formation of the annual growth line, which is caused by cessation
4. Scallops over one year old, as shown by the formation of the annual growth line, which is caused by cessation of growth during the winter months. Any scallop which does not possess this annual growth line is less than one year old, and is a 'seed' scallop. The present legal definition of a 'seed' scallop is based on the annual growth line, as its absence indicates that the animal has not as yet reached its spawning season, and is, therefor, an immature animal
Scallop on the left, as indicated by the arrow, has been killed by the oyster drill, which has pierced
5. Scallop on the left, as indicated by the arrow, has been killed by the oyster drill, which has pierced the shell with a fine hole. A year-old oyster is attached to the scallop on the center, while a Crepidula (quarterdecker) has fastened on the scallop on
Scallops: Early plicated stage. View of the right or lower valve. Note the smooth prodissoconch (pd)
6. Scallops: Early plicated stage. View of the right or lower valve. Note the smooth prodissoconch (pd) and siccoconch (d) areas, with the beginning of the sixteen plications (pl) of the adult. There are four teeth (te) on the byssal notch. (33); Scallop...viewed from left or upper valve (34); View of the anatomy of a slightly older scallop...as seen through the right valve. Note primary, secondary and tertiary eyes (e) and tentacles (t). The outer gill (og) has about twenty-five filaments, and begins to resemble the inner gill (ig) (35); View of right or lower valve of same scallop.... Note the five teeth (te) on the byssal notch (bn) and the beginning of the "ears (er). the two teeth back of the external border of the byssal groove are older, and have rounded rather than the pointed ends of the last formed teeth. The valves have become nearly equal, the hinge line straight, and the byssal groove (bg) can be traced back to the asymmetrical prodissoconch (36); View of upper left.... (37)
Plan of the Powder Hole, Monomoy Point, Mass., showing the shellfish experiments and laboratory of the
7. Plan of the Powder Hole, Monomoy Point, Mass., showing the shellfish experiments and laboratory of the Massachusetts Department of Fisheries and Game. The harbor, represented by the dotted lines, is bounded on the north and west by a clam flat of coarse sand. The channel connecting the Powder Hole with the ocean passes across this flat. The deepest water, 18 feet, is found near the clam flat, while in the eastern and southern parts of the harbor the shallow water is filled with a thick growth of eelgrass.
(1) Raft; (2) car in which egg lobsters were confined for hatching purposes; (3) scallop pen; (4) scallop pen; (5) scllop pen; (6) winter rack for suspending scallop baskets and quahaug boxes under water as a protection from the ice; (7) quahaug bed No.3; (8) quahaug bed no.5; (9) quahaug bed no. 7; (10) quahaug bed No.6; (11) quahaug bed No.8; (12) clam bed No.19; (13) sea clam bed; (14) clam bed No.18; (15) clam bed No.3; (16) clam bed No. 2; (17) clam bed No. 99; (18) clam bed N
Scallop Pusher.--This implement consists of a wooden pole, from 8 to 9 feet long, attached to a rectangular
8. Scallop Pusher.--This implement consists of a wooden pole, from 8 to 9 feet long, attached to a rectangular iron framework, 3 by 1 1/2 feet, fitted with a netting bag 3 feet in depth. The scalloper, wading in the shallow water, gathers the scallops from the flats by shoving the pusher among the eel grass. The photograph shows the correct position of the pusher in operation. Only a small part of the pole is shown
Seed scallops, with a small amount of white worm tube (Serpula) attached to the shell. These scallkops
9. Seed scallops, with a small amount of white worm tube (Serpula) attached to the shell. These scallkops have not yet spawned, and, for the future welfare of the scallop fishery, should be protected until they have passed the spawning period, which occurs when the scallop is one year old. The capture of these immature scallops is a decided menace to the fishery, and is forbidden by law
Type of pen used in determining the rate of growth of the scallop. The sizes ranged from 40 to 400 square
10. Type of pen used in determining the rate of growth of the scallop. The sizes ranged from 40 to 400 square feet. The posts were made of 2 by 3 foot joists, fixed in the soil and placed at sufficient intervals to hold the netting firmly in position. Wire netting (1 1/4-inch mesh) and old seines of a suitable height were stretched around the posts
Plan of biological raft used at Monomoy Point for growth experiments and spat collecting. The raft, 20
11. Plan of biological raft used at Monomoy Point for growth experiments and spat collecting. The raft, 20 feet long by 10 feet wide, provided with a central well and four trap-doors, was anchored to the Powder Hole in 20 feet of water. Wire cages and wooden boxes were suspended at various depths from the raft. Many kinds of mollusks were caught and raised in these spat boxes. The raft proved particularly useful in the study of the post-embryonic life history, as the scallops 'set' in large numbers on the boxes, cages and ropes, where specimens could be obtained in all stages of development for laboratory examination. Also, many interesting growth experiments upon the quahaug, scallop and clam were conducted in sand boxes
Scallop Pusher.--This implement consists of a wooden pole, from 8 to 9 feet long, attached to a rectangular
12. Scallop Pusher.--This implement consists of a wooden pole, from 8 to 9 feet long, attached to a rectangular iron framework, 3 by 1 1/2 feet, fitted with a netting bag 3 feet in depth. The scalloper, wading in the shallow water, gathers the scallops from t
Scallops over one year old, as shown by the formation of the annual growth line, which is caused by cessation
13. Scallops over one year old, as shown by the formation of the annual growth line, which is caused by cessation of growth during the winter months. Any scallop which does not possess this annual growth line is less than one year old, and is a 'seed' scallop
Map of the Massachusetts coast, showing the distribution of the shallow-water scallop (Pecten irradians).
14. Map of the Massachusetts coast, showing the distribution of the shallow-water scallop (Pecten irradians). The scalloping grounds are indicated by the black areas
Towing a Scallop Dredge off Mt. Desert
15. Towing a Scallop Dredge off Mt. Desert
Scallop dredge
16. Scallop dredge
Giant Scallop (Pecten magellanicus) two-thirds natural size
17. Giant Scallop (Pecten magellanicus)
two-thirds natural size
Scallop Dredge,--"The Scraper."--This implement has the form of a triangular iron framework, with a curve
18. Scallop Dredge,--"The Scraper."--This implement has the form of a triangular iron framework, with a curve of nearly 90o atthe base, to form the bowl of the dredge. On the upper side a raised crossbar connects the two arms, while at the bottom a strip of iron 2 inches wide extends across the dredge. This narrow strip acts as a scraping blade, and is set at an angle so as to dig into the soil. The top of the net is fastened to the crossbar and the lower part to the blade. The usual dimensions of the dredge are: arms, 2 1/2 feet; upper crossbar, 2 feet; blade, 2 1/2 feet. The net varies in size, usually running from 2 to 3 feet in length and holding between 1 and 2 bushels. Additional weights can be put on the crossbar when the scalloper desires the dredge to "scrape" deeper. A wooden bar 2 feet long buoys the net. The scraper used at Nantucket has the entire net made of twine, whereas in other localities the lower part consists of interwoven iron rings
Pacific Fisherman Vol 4, No 09
19. Pacific Fisherman Vol 4, No 09
Two scallops, each fourteen months old, illustrate the difference in growth between localities with good
20. Two scallops, each fourteen months old, illustrate the difference in growth between localities with good and poor circulation of water. The scallops situated in the 'current' receive more food than in the still water, and naturally have a faster growth, as is shown by the greater size of the 'current' scallop
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