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This style of basket rake is used at Edgartown and Nantucket. The whole rake is made of iron, no netting
181. This style of basket rake is used at Edgartown and Nantucket. The whole rake is made of iron, no netting being required, as thin iron wires 1/3 of an inch apart encircle lengthwise the entire basket, preventing the escape of any marketable quahaugs, while at the same time allowing mud and sand to wash out. This rake has 16 steel teeth, 1 1/2 inches long, fitted at intervals of 1 inch on the scraping bar. The depth of the basket is about 8 inches. Short poles not exceeding 30 feet in length are used, as the raking is carried on in water which does not exceed 25 feet in depth. Only the iron framework of the rake is shown.
Claw Quahaug Rake.
--This rake varies greatly in size and length. Its use is chiefly confined to Nantucket.
182. Claw Quahaug Rake.
--This rake varies greatly in size and length. Its use is chiefly confined to Nantucket. The general style has a handle 6 feet long, while the iron part, in the form of a claw or talon, with prongs 1 inch apart, is 10 inches wide. A heavier rake, as here shown, us sometimes used in the deeper water.
Type of basked rake used for deep water quahauging on Cape Cod. It consists of an iron framework, forming
183. Type of basked rake used for deep water quahauging on Cape Cod. It consists of an iron framework, forming a curved bowl, the under-edge of which is set with thin steel teeth varying in length from 2 to 4 inches, though usually 2 1/2 inch teeth are preferred. Over the bowl of this rake, which is strengthened by side and cross pieces of iron, is fitted a twine net, which, like the net of a scallop dredge, drags behind the framework. An average rake has from 19 to 21 teeth and weighs from 15 to 20 pounds.
Basket rake covered with fine meshed wire netting, used at New Bedford and Fairhaven in the capture of
184. Basket rake covered with fine meshed wire netting, used at New Bedford and Fairhaven in the capture of the small seed quahaugs in the Acushnet River.

Wellfleet quahauging fleet at their moorings in Duck Creek. Practically all these boats are equipped
185. Wellfleet quahauging fleet at their moorings in Duck Creek. Practically all these boats are equipped with gasoline engines, a common type being power cat boats without masts
Quahaug house of the firm of A. D. Davis & Co. at Wellfleet in 1907, one of the receiving agencies for
186. Quahaug house of the firm of A. D. Davis & Co. at Wellfleet in 1907, one of the receiving agencies for the Wellfleet fishermen. A typical quahaug boat of Wellfleet is snown, waiting to unload its cargo of quahaugs. The long handles of the rakes can be seen on the deck of the boat
Scene along the river front at Fairhaven, showing a quahaug shanty and several skiffs, which are used
187. Scene along the river front at Fairhaven, showing a quahaug shanty and several skiffs, which are used in raking the small seed quahaugs from the Acushnet River. Owing to the pollution within the restricted area, quahaugs can only be taken from this river for transplanting purposes. Since writing this report, an act was passed in 1911 whereby the city of New Bedford and the town of Fairhaven by a common board govern the taking of quahaugs from this section by licenses and by restrictions as to selling and transplanting
Principal enemy of the adult quahaug is the common winkle or cockle (Lunatia duplicata or heros), pictured
188. Principal enemy of the adult quahaug is the common winkle or cockle (Lunatia duplicata or heros), pictured at the right and left in the illustration. In the corners are quahaug shells, through which a clean countersunk hole has been bored by this mollusk at the umbo. In the center is a starfish, the great pest of the oyster beds, and on rare occasions an enemy of the quahaugs.

Quahaugs from an experimental bed at Monomoy Point, showing two years' growth. The two notches or file
189. Quahaugs from an experimental bed at Monomoy Point, showing two years' growth. The two notches or file marks on the shells indicate the growth per year.... These quahaugs show rapid growth, having gained nearly 1 inch in length per year.
[Quahots]:
These two sizes illustrate the sti ulating effect on growth of current, which acts as a
190. [Quahots]:
These two sizes illustrate the sti ulating effect on growth of current, which acts as a food carrier. In each bet quahaugs of the same size were planted and allowed to remain for three years. The larger quahaugs were planted in a box on the raft, where the circulation of water was good; the smaller in the southeastern corner of the Powder Hole, not 75 yards from the raft, in shallow water among thick eelgrass, which shut off all circulation.
One of the boxes suspended from the raft at Monomoy Point when taken up at the end of the summer. The
191. One of the boxes suspended from the raft at Monomoy Point when taken up at the end of the summer. The quahaugs which have been growing in the box are shown in front. On careful examination the notches in the shaft, marking growth for three years, can be seen. The box and rope are covered with barnacles and silver shells (Anomia), while the wood has been perforated by a boring mollusk, the ship-worm (Toredo). This illustrates an easy method of obtaining the rate of growth of the quahaug.
Small grants for the bedding of the catch at Wellfleet. Under the Acts of 1904, the inhabitants of Eastham,
192. Small grants for the bedding of the catch at Wellfleet. Under the Acts of 1904, the inhabitants of Eastham, Orleans and Wellfleet have the privilege of staking off not over 75 feet square of flat for bedding the catch, when the prices are low. During dull seasons many bushels of "blunts" are planted until the price becomes satisfactory. This may be termed the first step toward quahaug culture. Note the quahaugs in the center, which are sill uncovered.

Quahaug farm of Z. A. Howes at Wellfleet. Several hundred bushels of seed quahaugs are planted between
193. Quahaug farm of Z. A. Howes at Wellfleet. Several hundred bushels of seed quahaugs are planted between the tide lines. The boundaries of the grant are market with stakes, made of slender salpings topped with brush. The man in the foreground is examining the growth of the quahaugs
Exterior of the laboratory at Wellfleet, showing the hatching tubs. This building, formerly an oyster
194. Exterior of the laboratory at Wellfleet, showing the hatching tubs. This building, formerly an oyster house situated on the Chequesset Inn wharf, was provided in 1908 for the use of the department by Mr. L. D. Baker of Wellfleet. One large room, 20 by 30 feet, is used for the laboratory, while two small rooms adjoining are utilized for sleeping quarters. The situation over the water affords satisfactory facilities for experimental work on sea forms.
[Quahog:]
Photograph taken from a model in the Museum of Natural History in New York. The different
195. [Quahog:]
Photograph taken from a model in the Museum of Natural History in New York. The different portions of the anatomy are indicated by the labels. The sympol A. A. and P. A. refer to the anterior and posterior adductor muscles, which hold the two valves of the shell together. The posterior part of the animal is represented by the siphon, which consists of two parts, an incurrent and an excurrent, through which the water enters and leaves the quahaug in the directions indicated by the arrows. In the mantle chamber the food is filtered from the water by the gills, which are here shown cut off near their base.
Diagram of the method used in experimental hatching of quahaug eggs and rearing of the young larvae at
196. Diagram of the method used in experimental hatching of quahaug eggs and rearing of the young larvae at the Wellfleet laboratory. It represents a cross-section of the laboratory, showing a small 1 1/2 horse power gasoline engine (B), connected by a belt with a pump (C), by which salt water is forced from below into a tank (A) situated near the roof. The laboratory is located on a wharf over the water, which enables salt water to be obtained directly from beneath the floor. The inlet of the pump is guarded by a strainer (H), which prevents seaweed entering the pipe. From the tank the salt water is conducted through the laboratory by a large pipe set with small petcocks. From these petcocks pieces of rubber tubing (F) lead to the hatching tubs (E), which consist of half barrels fitted with sand filters (D). The tubs are placed over a sink (G) which carries off the filtered water. By this arrangement a continuous flow of water is established through the hatching tanks.

Growth of a quahaug in the raft boxes, Monomoy Point, from one and one-half to five and one-half years
197. Growth of a quahaug in the raft boxes, Monomoy Point, from one and one-half to five and one-half years old, is shown with the corresponding increase in volume. Starting with 1 bushel of one and one-half-year-old quahaugs, there would result at the age of five and one-half years approximately 19 bushels. The figures on the left give the size of the quahaug...; those on the right represent the volume in bushels corresponding to the various years.
Map of Wellfleet Bay showing the location between the tide lines of quahaug growth experiments 101 to
198. Map of Wellfleet Bay showing the location between the tide lines of quahaug growth experiments 101 to 185. Many acres of flats are exposed, owing to the large rise and fall of the tide, which is about 10 3/4 feet. The average increase in volume for 84 betw in one year was 185 per cent., or over 2 3/4 bushels for every bushel planted.
Map showing the distribution of the quahaug in Massachusetts. The black areas indicate ground where quahaugs
199. Map showing the distribution of the quahaug in Massachusetts. The black areas indicate ground where quahaugs are found.
Young Quahog.
1 millimeter in size, half buried in the sand. The animal is feeding, water passing
200. Young Quahog.
1 millimeter in size, half buried in the sand. The animal is feeding, water passing in and out of the extended siphon, as shown by the arrows.
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